Common Pregnancy Complications for Moms

Pregnancy is a remarkable journey filled with excitement and anticipation. But it’s also a time when your body goes through major changes, and for some women, those changes can lead to challenges. Understanding common pregnancy complications can help expectant moms feel more informed and empowered to take action for both their health and their baby’s well-being.

Understanding Common Pregnancy Complications

Pregnancy complications refer to health problems that occur during pregnancy that may involve the mother, baby, or both. These complications can vary in severity and timing, but recognizing them early can often help minimize risk.

During the second trimester, typically weeks 13 to 26, certain issues are more likely to develop. These include placental concerns and conditions involving blood pressure, such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. While some complications are unpredictable, many can be managed with proper prenatal care, monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments.

Recognizing Risk Factors for Pregnancy Complications

Some pregnancies have a naturally higher risk of complications due to certain maternal characteristics or health conditions. If you’re carrying multiples, have a history of preterm birth, or live with chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, you may be more likely to encounter complications during pregnancy.

Maternal age also plays a role. Women under 17 or over 35 are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. Additionally, pre-existing medical conditions like kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, or thyroid issues can increase the likelihood of developing issues that may affect both mother and baby. That’s why early and frequent check-ins with your care team are so critical. You can also learn more about the importance of early pregnancy blood tests and prenatal screening tests, and how they help assess your risk factors sooner.

Common Pregnancy Complications in the Second Trimester

As your pregnancy progresses, your body continues to adapt in incredible ways, but it’s also a time when common complications can arise. Here are some of the most frequent issues seen in the second trimester:

Gestational Diabetes

This common complication typically develops in the second trimester and affects how your body processes blood sugar. If unmanaged, gestational diabetes can lead to larger birth weight, delivery complications, and increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Monitoring your diet, physical activity, and blood sugar levels is key to managing this condition effectively.

High Blood Pressure and Preeclampsia

Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, especially when it occurs after 20 weeks, can progress into preeclampsia. This serious condition can lead to organ damage, seizures, and even preterm birth if untreated. Symptoms include swelling, sudden weight gain, visual disturbances, and headaches. Close monitoring and medical intervention are essential to prevent complications.

Placenta Previa

In placenta previa, the placenta lies low in the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix. This can cause bleeding and typically requires a C-section for delivery. While the condition can resolve on its own earlier in pregnancy, it often necessitates changes to activity level and increased care in the third trimester.

Placental Abruption

Placental abruption occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery. This deprives the baby of oxygen and nutrients and can cause heavy bleeding for the mother. It’s a medical emergency and one of the more serious pregnancy complications that can occur in the second trimester, often resulting in early delivery.

Ectopic Pregnancy, a Common Complication in Pregnancies

An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. While rare in the second trimester, it’s crucial for all pregnant women to be aware of the signs early on, including sharp abdominal pain, dizziness, or bleeding, as early intervention can save lives.

Preterm Birth

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks, remains one of the leading causes of infant death and long-term health issues. Approximately one in ten U.S. pregnancies ends in preterm birth, often without any obvious symptoms or known risk factors.

One important prenatal test that you may consider is the PreTRM^® Test. This cutting-edge blood test identifies more pregnancies at higher risk for spontaneous preterm birth than traditional methods. Additionally, up to 50% of preterm births happen to mothers with no known risk factors. With the PreTRM^® Test, you can understand your individualized risk prediction of spontaneous preterm birth, even if there are no apparent risk factors.

You can also read more about what prenatal blood tests look for during pregnancy to understand how these tools provide insight into you and your baby’s health.

By identifying risk early, your doctor can implement timely interventions that improve the chances of a healthier outcome for your baby. Whether it’s more frequent monitoring, lifestyle changes, or medical treatments, having this crucial information can make a big difference in your care plan.

Managing Your Health to Reduce Common Complications

While not all complications are preventable, you can significantly lower your risk by staying proactive and informed. Here’s how:

Attending Regular Prenatal Check-ups

Your prenatal visits are more than just routine appointments, they are a cornerstone of preventative care. These visits allow your provider to detect early signs of pregnancy complications, check your blood pressure, and monitor for conditions like gestational diabetes or anemia. Regular check-ins can ensure you and your baby stay on the right track throughout your pregnancy.

Lifestyle Tips to Lower the Risk of Complications

A balanced diet, safe exercise routine, and managing existing health conditions can all support a healthier pregnancy. Following a healthy pregnancy diet during weeks 14–16 can provide vital nutrients for both you and your baby during this crucial stage. Take prenatal vitamins, avoid tobacco and alcohol, and follow your provider’s guidance on weight gain and physical activity. Remember, even small lifestyle adjustments can have a big impact on your baby’s development and reduce the risk of common pregnancy complications.

Understanding and preparing for common pregnancy complications can help you feel more confident and supported throughout your pregnancy journey. While every pregnancy is unique, being informed means you can better advocate for yourself and your baby.

If you’re looking to take an extra step in understanding your risk for preterm birth, ask your provider about the PreTRM^® Test. This simple blood test can identify elevated risk earlier than traditional methods, giving you and your care provider more time to take action. Learn more about the PreTRM^® Test and request the PreTRM^® Test here.